Can AI Improve Your Piano Sight Reading Skills?

Evidence-Based Insights

There are perhaps few things scarier to a musician than focal dystonia. I recently had lunch with a friend who is a professional clarinetist for the San Francisco Ballet, and she mentioned she personally knows about one hundred classically trained musicians who have developed this neurological disorder!

In the sports world this is commonly referred to as the yips, and this disorder affects around 1% of professional musicians across all genres. However, 95% of those cases come from classically trained musicians. Let’s discuss why this happens, and what mitigation efforts you can be put in place so that focal dystonia never presents itself in your performance.

Focal dystonia causes a loss of voluntary motor control in extensively trained movements. The brain develops overlapping neural maps, and musicians can experience cramping, tightness, fatigue, and involuntary muscle contractions. This can make it hard to perform complex instrument movements that musicians have been practicing for years.

Focal dystonia is idiopathic, meaning that “experts can’t point to one factor that causes it.” But some risk factors have been determined. According to Medical Problems of Performing Artists:

• There are higher risks for musicians who play instruments with maximal fine motor skills…like the piano.
• Musicians with anxiety and perfectionist tendencies tend to have higher rates of focal dystonia.
• Genetics is thought to be a contributing factor.
  

Because there’s a strong association between anxiety and perfectionist tendencies and focal dystonia, we should look at the ways piano teaching and training can either contribute to or alleviate those risk factors.

Extreme Repetition

Many traditional teaching systems can encourage students to repeat certain bars and passages over and over again in order to perfect their technical skills and repertoire. But that can actually be detrimental to your fine motor skills.

Extreme, precise repetition can lead your brain to reorganize its neural connections in a process called cortical remapping. This is understood to be a major risk factor for focal dystonia. Variation is important for keeping your neural maps from overlapping.

Perfectionism

The perfectionism that many musicians are taught can directly lead to major risk factors.

• Too much internal monitoring, or being overly detail-oriented and controlling, can mess with the brain’s necessary automatic motor programs.
• Too much practice of isolating and controlling your fingers can lead to co-contraction and a stiff and overly controlled system. This actually hurts fine motor control.
• A mentality of pushing through the pain for the sake of perfection can teach the body not to warn you when it needs to do so.
• Specializing at a young age in a high-pressure environment can shape your nervous system towards narrow movement constraints.
• Perfectionism contributes to anxiety, and both “may be aggravating factors during the development of musician’s dystonia.”
  

What Can We Do?

To avoid these potential risk factors, we need musical education that reduces the repetitive, overly controlled, anxiety-inducing perfectionism that is far too prevalent in classical training. We can do this by:

• Teaching with a wide variety of music rather than hyper-repetition.
• Teaching holistic, whole arm music education rather than isolating and micromanaging your fingers.
• Reducing external pressure and listening to your body when it’s in pain or when motor control is degrading.
  

How MuseFlow Fits In‍

MuseFlow is a piano education program that encourages Flow State and sight reading through constant music variation. The system offers an alternative to the high-pressure classical training that can be healthier for your nervous system and reduce the risk factors associated with focal dystonia.

• Variety: The focus on sight reading means that you’ll be playing songs on first sight. MuseFlow generates an indefinite amount of music so you’ll always have new-to-you pieces to play. This helps your brain build flexible motor programs and strengthen generalizable coordination.
• Flow State: This is antithetical to overthinking and micromanaging. Encouraging a constant state of creative flow with MuseFlow’s gamified system will help reduce the cognitive motor supervision common with musicians with focal dystonia.
• Clear, Attainable Goals: MuseFlow sets clear, attainable goals through incremental learning and continuous music at your skill level. High-pressure perfectionism is replaced by progress-oriented practice  and positive reinforcement to create a more sustainable, low-stress improvement. There’s no incentive to push yourself past your skill level and take on more than your nervous system can handle.
  

Conclusion

If left unchecked, focal dystonia can threaten to derail musicians’ careers. So it’s worth considering how we can reduce the possible risk factors in our music education.

It’s important to note that specific training methods can’t treat focal dystonia or guarantee you won’t develop it. Some people have genetic predispositions and prior injuries that make them more vulnerable to developing the disorder than others. But by focusing your music education around variation, flow, and positive reinforcement, you can support healthier motor learning principles.

And here’s the cool thing about ditching repetitive perfectionism…it can also make learning the piano a lot more fun.

Sometimes, the beginning of the year can bring stress, anxiety, or other emotional hurdles that we don't expect.

Prolonged stress and anxiety can result in respiratory problems, chronic pain, as well as a number of other issues - on top of just being plain unpleasant to deal with.

Studies show that learning to read and play music may improve mood and reduce depression symptoms.

Researchers discovered that subjects experienced relaxation, happiness, and increased tolerance of uncertainty. Novices to experts were given instruments to play and experienced these benefits over relatively short periods.

If you think about it, it makes sense that tolerance of uncertainty is a benefit of playing music. For one, jazz is highly unpredictable and requires a large amount of improvisation. You never know what’s going to come next. There’s a framework, but what’s being played within that framework is completely up to the other musicians you are playing with. Jazz is inherently uncertain.

How does music reverse the effects of aging?

There were also cognitive benefits in addition to improved mental health, including in aging adults and people with mild brain injuries. Increased dexterity and coordination resulted in an increased quality of life for a diverse group of people.

Music is one of those elements, like smell, that triggers memories in a very visceral way, especially when that memory isn’t able to be tapped into any other way. Unity Hospice summarized it well:

"when a dementia patient hears music connected to a memory, they can 're-awaken' and regain the ability to connect with people around them. Sometimes, people who haven't spoken for years find words and actually sing lyrics."

How does music actually improve mental health?

There are actually a few mechanisms through which playing music improves your wellness.

The multi-sensory workout of playing an instrument improves your executive function because the practice builds the corpus callosum, the area of the brain responsible for emotional regulation and problem solving. It’s a thick bundle of nerves that connect the right and left hemispheres and in musicians, it tends to be more developed. Over time, you can see improvement in executive function and even depression.

This is in addition to the feel-good neurochemical cocktail we get from music: dopamine (pleasure and motivation), oxytocin (the bonding hormone), and a significant drop in cortisol (the stress hormone). This naturally combats stress and anxiety.

How does music training actually improve cognition?

Music training requires complex fine motor skills, as well as increased attention and concentration. While studies reveal an increase in processing speed and improved executive function in both healthy and unhealthy individuals, the exact mechanism is still being studied.

Picking up the piano has been shown to improve cognitive function in mild brain injuries as well as mental illness. There is even a dedicated branch of therapy, known as music therapy, combining clinical research with music to address diagnoses.

What’s the difference between music therapy and music education for wellness?

Music therapy is a structured approach to accomplish a patient’s goals by a credentialed professional. It has been proven to help treat and improve a number of conditions from Parkinson’s to childbirth. It is an extremely beneficial approach that many can benefit from, but it is distinct from an ongoing practice for personal wellbeing and fulfillment.

The same mechanisms that make music therapy effective for treating a wide array of conditions are available to you, too.

Building Your Own Wellness Practice

Learning piano is a skill that you can have for life, can help you become more attentive and less stressed, and you can have fun while doing it! You can take advantage of the physical, emotional, and cognitive benefits and build a personal wellness practice for yourself.

1. Start Small: I know these benefits are exciting, but there’s no need to dedicate more than 15-20 minutes of focused piano time to begin to see the benefits.
2. Replacement: Choose one habit you’d prefer to replace, such as scrolling social media first thing in the morning, and practice piano instead.
3. Habit stacking: Tack your practice onto another habit, and soon it becomes a reflex. As soon as you wash the dishes or finish walking the dog, sit down at the bench!

Conclusion

Music learning and wellness go hand in hand. If you’re ready to craft a unique, research-backed wellness practice for yourself, try MuseFlow! Our platform is designed not only for you to learn music in the most effective way possible, but to be engaged and motivated while doing it. MuseFlow is tailored to each pianist, allowing you to enter a Flow State; allowing you to increase skill acquisition, and decrease anxiety and boredom.

Optimize your wellness - try MuseFlow for free today.